{"id":71391,"date":"2017-05-13T12:33:17","date_gmt":"2017-05-13T09:33:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aiacademy.info\/edu\/?p=17669"},"modified":"2023-01-26T02:43:47","modified_gmt":"2023-01-25T23:43:47","slug":"%d8%aa%d8%b9%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%81-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d9%81%d8%b3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aiacademy.info\/blog\/%d8%aa%d8%b9%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%81-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d9%81%d8%b3\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 id=\"firstHeading\" class=\"firstHeading\" lang=\"ar\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633<\/span><\/h1>\n<div id=\"bodyContent\" class=\"mw-body-content\">\n<div id=\"mw-content-text\" class=\"mw-content-rtl\" dir=\"rtl\" lang=\"ar\">\n<div class=\"thumb tleft\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\"><b><br 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title=\"\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%AA%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/a> <a title=\"\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%D9%83\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643<\/a>\u060c <a class=\"mw-redirect mw-disambig\" title=\"\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A5%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%83\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643<\/a> <a title=\"\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/a> 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title=\"\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B0%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/a>.<a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Psi2.svg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbimage aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/6c\/Psi2.svg\/220px-Psi2.svg.png\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/6c\/Psi2.svg\/330px-Psi2.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/6c\/Psi2.svg\/440px-Psi2.svg.png 2x\" alt=\"-\" width=\"220\" height=\"220\" data-file-width=\"100\" data-file-height=\"100\" title=\"\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<p>\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0645 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href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629<\/a> <a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"\u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%B6_%D8%B9%D9%82%D9%84%D9%8A\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 <b>\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633<\/b> \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 <a title=\"\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%D9%83\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643<\/a> <a title=\"\u0639\u0642\u0644\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B9%D9%82%D9%84\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644<\/a> <a title=\"\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AA%D9%81%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%B1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631<\/a> <a title=\"\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B4%D8%AE%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%A9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647: &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u00a0<b>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0647<\/b>\u00a0\u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647: &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u00a0 \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647&#8221;.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\".D8.A3.D9.87.D8.AF.D8.A7.D9.81_.D8.B9.D9.84.D9.85_.D8.A7.D9.84.D9.86.D9.81.D8.B3\" class=\"mw-headline\">\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u060c\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u060c \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647.<sup id=\"cite_ref-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3#cite_note-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[2]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h2><span id=\".D9.85.D9.8A.D8.A7.D8.AF.D9.8A.D9.86_.D8.B9.D9.84.D9.85_.D8.A7.D9.84.D9.86.D9.81.D8.B3\" class=\"mw-headline\">\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062f .<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0641.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628\u062b\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\n<ol>\n<li>\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a: \u064a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0649: \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u060c\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643.<sup id=\"cite_ref-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3#cite_note-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[3]<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648: \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u062f <a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0646\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0646<\/a> \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 <a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e\u0648\u062e\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%AE%D8%A9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e\u0648\u062e\u0629<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a: \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0635 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629.<sup id=\"cite_ref-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3#cite_note-4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[4]<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\n<ol>\n<li>\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a: \u064a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a .<\/li>\n<li>\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u00a0: \u064a\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629.<sup id=\"cite_ref-5\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3#cite_note-5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2><span id=\".D8.A7.D9.84.D8.AA.D8.B3.D9.85.D9.8A.D8.A9\" class=\"mw-headline\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0627: <a title=\"\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%A9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629<\/a> <a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%81%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 (\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629) \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03ae (\u0628\u0633\u0648\u062e\u064a) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0648\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 (\u0644\u0648\u063a\u0648\u0633) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d &#8220;\u0633\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0627.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\".D8.AA.D8.B7.D9.88.D8.B1_.D8.A7.D9.84.D8.B9.D9.84.D9.85\" class=\"mw-headline\">\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\">\n<p><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Hypothalamus.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbimage aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b6\/Hypothalamus.jpg\/150px-Hypothalamus.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b6\/Hypothalamus.jpg\/225px-Hypothalamus.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/b\/b6\/Hypothalamus.jpg 2x\" alt=\"-\" width=\"150\" height=\"158\" data-file-width=\"236\" data-file-height=\"248\" title=\"\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<p>\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 <a class=\"new\" title=\"\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a (\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629)\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%BA&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0644\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 <a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"\u0627\u0644\u063a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u063a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645 <a class=\"new\" title=\"\u0641\u0648\u0646\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629)\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0641\u0648\u0646\u062a<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 <a class=\"mw-redirect mw-disambig\" title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0646\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0646<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647, \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a, \u0648\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0631\u0624\u064a\u062a\u0647\u00a0\u0644\u0647\u0627, \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062e\u0644\u0642\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062d\u064a\u0645 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631&#8221;, \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0623\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0636\u0637\u0647\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u060c \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 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\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0646 (Introspection), \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0624\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0627 <a class=\"new\" title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0647 (\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 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href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a <a title=\"\u0625\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0641\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A5%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%84%D9%88%D9%81\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0628\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0641<\/a>\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 <a class=\"new\" title=\"\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 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id=\".D8.A7.D9.84.D8.B5.D8.AD.D8.A9_.D8.A7.D9.84.D9.86.D9.81.D8.B3.D9.8A.D8.A9\" class=\"mw-headline\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c &#8220;\u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a \u062c\u064a\u062f&#8221; &#8220;\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 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\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0634 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\".D9.85.D8.AF.D8.A7.D8.B1.D8.B3_.D8.B9.D9.84.D9.85_.D8.A7.D9.84.D9.86.D9.81.D8.B3\" class=\"mw-headline\">\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"floatleft\"><a class=\"image\" title=\"\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u062a (\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u064b) \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a.\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Wundt-research-group.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/a3\/Wundt-research-group.jpg\/250px-Wundt-research-group.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/a3\/Wundt-research-group.jpg\/375px-Wundt-research-group.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/a3\/Wundt-research-group.jpg\/500px-Wundt-research-group.jpg 2x\" alt=\"\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u062a (\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u064b) \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a.\" width=\"250\" height=\"183\" data-file-width=\"552\" data-file-height=\"404\" title=\"\"><\/a><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li><a title=\"\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0631\u0648\u064a\u0627\u0644\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%84\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0631\u0648\u064a\u0627\u0644<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u064a\u0646\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629)\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u064a\u0646\u0627<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A5%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%A7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629)\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629)\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a> (\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0629)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0641\u0627\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b (\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629)\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AB&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629)\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064a<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%A9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0633 (\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629)\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B3&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0633<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0634\u0637\u0627\u0644\u062a\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B4%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0634\u0637\u0627\u0644\u062a<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641 (\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629)\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u062a\u0646\u062c\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629)\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%86&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u062a\u0646\u062c\u0646<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AB%D8%A9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u0633\u0637\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 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href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%83&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0643<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629)\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 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title=\"\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0644\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629)\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%8A&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0644\u064a<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629)\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%8A&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629)\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%8A&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0645 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href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%BA&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0631\u063a<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629)\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%84&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B6%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629)\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 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(\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629)\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AB%D8%A9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u064a\u0628\u0633\u062a\u062c (\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629)\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AC&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u064a\u0628\u0633\u062a\u062c<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0631\u063a (\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629)\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%BA&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0631\u063a<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629)\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 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rel=\"noopener\">\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u064a\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%85%D9%88%D9%8A\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u064a<\/a> (\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\/ 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href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AD%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/a> (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%8A\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0630\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 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\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629)\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3%D9%8A&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629)\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%8A&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/a> (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\/ \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u064a)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%A8%D9%8A\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a<\/a> (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629)\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%AB%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3_%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a<\/a> (\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629)\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3%D9%8A\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a<\/a> (\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629)\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%86%D9%8A&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629)\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AF%D8%A8%D9%8A&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629)\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B6%D8%A9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0629<\/a> (\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"\u0639\u0644\u0645 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title=\"\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%8A\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629)\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0642\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629)\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A7&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0642\u0627<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%D9%8A\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 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href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A6%D9%8A&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629)\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B6_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 (\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629)\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%AB_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629)\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/a> (\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u064a)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%85_%D9%85%D8%BA%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a<\/a> (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0645 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class=\"mw-headline\">\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627<\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a title=\"\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"\u062e\u062c\u0644\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AE%D8%AC%D9%84\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062c\u0644<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062c\u0633\u062f\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%AC%D8%B3%D8%AF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u064a\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%85%D9%88%D9%8A\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u064a<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%AE%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%A9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3%D9%8A\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0649\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%89\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0649<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><span id=\".D9.85.D8.B1.D8.A7.D8.AC.D8.B9\" class=\"mw-headline\">\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"reflist\">\n<ol class=\"references\">\n<li id=\"cite_note-1\"><b><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3#cite_ref-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">^<\/a><\/b> <span class=\"reference-text\">\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0642( 2005). \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\u00a0:\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 .<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-2\"><b><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3#cite_ref-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">^<\/a><\/b> <span class=\"reference-text\">\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0632\u062a \u0631\u0627\u062c\u062d (1999).\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u060c\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0647: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-3\"><b><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3#cite_ref-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">^<\/a><\/b> <span class=\"reference-text\">\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f(1990).\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 .\u0641\u064a:\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 (\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0631)\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-4\"><b><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3#cite_ref-4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">^<\/a><\/b> <span class=\"reference-text\">\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0642(2005).\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u060c\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629:\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-5\"><b><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3#cite_ref-5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">^<\/a><\/b> <span class=\"reference-text\">\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f (1990).\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 .\u0641\u064a:\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 (\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0631)\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629:\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u062a\u0647 (2016 )mmfis \/\u0635 14\/\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0648\u064a\/\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\".D9.88.D8.B5.D9.84.D8.A7.D8.AA_.D8.AE.D8.A7.D8.B1.D8.AC.D9.8A.D8.A9\" class=\"mw-headline\">\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/dmoztools.net\/Science\/Social_Sciences\/Psychology\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Psychology<\/a> \u0641\u064a <a title=\"\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AD\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.apa.org\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">American Psychological Association<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.psychologicalscience.org\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Association for Psychological Science<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/psychology.okstate.edu\/museum\/history\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Discovering Psychology. (2001). <i>The History of Psychology:Contemporary Foundations<\/i><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.psy.fsu.edu\/history\/history.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">The Florida State University PSYCHOLOGY.(2011).<i>HISTORY<\/i><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 : \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u062e\u0648\u0644\u0648\u063a\u064a\u0627 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1) \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627. \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":139007,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[88],"tags":[180],"class_list":["post-71391","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-88","tag-180"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/aiacademy.info\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/71391","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/aiacademy.info\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/aiacademy.info\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aiacademy.info\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aiacademy.info\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=71391"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/aiacademy.info\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/71391\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":134881,"href":"https:\/\/aiacademy.info\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/71391\/revisions\/134881"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aiacademy.info\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/139007"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/aiacademy.info\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=71391"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aiacademy.info\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=71391"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aiacademy.info\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=71391"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}